A herniated disk refers to a problem with one of the rubbery cushions (disks) that sit between the individual bones (vertebrae) that stack to make your spine. A spinal disk has a soft, jellylike center (nucleus) encased in a tougher, rubbery exterior (annulus). Sometimes called a slipped disk or a ruptured disk, a herniated disk occurs when some of the nucleus pushes out through a tear in the annulus. A herniated disk, which can occur in any part of the spine, can irritate a nearby nerve. Depending on where the herniated disk is, it can result in pain, numbness or weakness in an arm or leg.

A brain tumor is a collection of cells that grow out of control. As they continue to grow, they form a mass of cells that becomes a tumor. Brain tumors form in one of two ways: primary brain tumor starts with an abnormal brain cell and grows in the brain. metastatic (secondary) tumor starts as a cancer in another part of the body (such as the lungs or breast) and then spreads to the brain, where it forms a new tumor. Why some cells begin to form into tumor cells, is not known. It may have something to do with a patient's genes or the environment, or both. The tumors can cause local damage by growing and pushing on crucial areas of the brain. They can also cause problems if they block the flow of fluid around the brain, which can lead to an increase in the pressure inside the skull. Some types of tumors can spread through the spinal fluid to distant areas of the brain or the spine. A primary brain tumor can be malignant or benign: A malignant tumor is more dangerous because it can grow quickly and may grow into or spread to other parts of the brain or to the spinal cord. Malignant tumors are also sometimes called brain cancer. Metastatic brain tumors are always malignant because they have spread to the brain from other areas of cancer in the body. A benign primary brain tumor is not cancer. Benign tumors can cause damage by growing and pressing on other parts of the brain, but they don't spread. In some cases, a benign tumor can turn into a malignant tumor.

A cervical herniated disc occurs when the inner portion of a disc in the cervical spine—or neck—ruptures through the outer wall of the disc. In the cervical spine, there are six discs that lie in front of the spinal column and connect each of the 7 cervical vertebrae. A cervical herniated disc can cause many different types of pain or no symptoms at all. The pain can range from an aching in the neck, arm, and/or hand to electric-like pain that radiates into these same areas. Sometimes arm or hand numbness or weakness may also be present. While a cervical herniated disc may originate from some sort of trauma or neck injury, the symptoms commonly start spontaneously

An EEG is a test that detects abnormalities in your brain waves, or in the electrical activity of your brain. During the procedure, electrodes consisting of small metal discs with thin wires are placed on your scalp. The electrodes detect and record tiny electrical charges that result from the activity of your brain cells. The charges are amplified and appear as a graph on a computer screen, or as a recording that may be printed out on paper. Our healthcare provider then interprets the reading. The EEG is used to evaluate several types of brain disorders: 1)Epilepsy - seizure activity will appear as rapid spiking waves on the EEG. 2)Brain lesions from tumors or strokes – these result in unusually slow EEG waves. 3)Alzheimer – slowing of alfa activity and increase in slow frequency activity. 4)Psychoses, like Schizophrenia - impaired auditory processing and registered subtle sound changes at a significantly lower rate than their healthy peers 5)Sleep Disorders - can also show “spikes” or “sharp waves”

A migraine is a headache that can cause severe throbbing pain or a pulsing sensation, usually on one side of the head. It's often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and extreme sensitivity to light and sound. Migraine attacks can last for hours to days, and the pain can be so severe that it interferes with your daily activities. For some patients, a warning symptom known as an aura occurs before or with the headache. An aura can include visual disturbances, such as flashes of light or blind spots, or other disturbances, such as tingling on one side of the face or in an arm or leg and difficulty speaking. Medications can help prevent some migraines and make them less painful. The right medicines, combined with self-help remedies and lifestyle changes, might help.

A tumor forms when an abnormal cell grows to form a mass of abnormal cells. Spinal cord tumors are tumors that form on the spinal cord or in the area around it. A spinal cord tumor may be cancerous (malignant) or noncancerous (benign). Even if benign, a tumor often causes pain and discomfort because it pushes on the spinal cord or nerves. A spinal cord tumor may be called “primary,” which means the cancer started in the spinal cord, or “secondary,” which means the cancer started somewhere else in body and spread to the spinal cord. Most of the time, spinal cord tumors are secondary tumors. A spinal cord tumor is often a cancer of the lung, breast, prostate, or another cancer that has extended throughout the body to reach the spine. Spinal cord tumors are sometimes caused by a genetic disorder, like neurofibromatosis.

Symptomatic thoracic discogenic pain syndrome (TDPS) is a rare phenomenon making it challenging to diagnose. The rarity of TDPS is attributed to the particular orientation, structure, and function of the thoracic spine in the vertebral column. The lordotic nature of the cervical and lumbar spine allows the imaginary line of gravity to run through, allowing them to bear most of the weight of the of the axial skeleton as compared to the thoracic and sacral spine. Consequently, they are subject to a higher percentage of degenerated discs and subsequent discogenic pain syndrome. The majority of the thoracic disc herniation is asymptomatic, or the patient presents with nonspecific symptoms like chest wall pain, epigastric pain, upper extremity pain, and sometimes, a pain in the groin or the lower extremity.

Trigeminal neuralgia is a chronic pain condition that affects the trigeminal nerve, which carries sensation from your face to your brain. If one has trigeminal neuralgia, even mild stimulation of the face — such as from brushing one’s teeth or putting on makeup — may trigger a jolt of excruciating pain. One may initially experience short, mild attacks. But trigeminal neuralgia can progress and cause longer, more-frequent bouts of searing pain. Trigeminal neuralgia affects women more often than men, and it's more likely to occur in people who are older than 50. Because of the variety of treatment options available, having trigeminal neuralgia doesn't necessarily mean you're doomed to a life of pain. Our doctors at Bakson Multispecialty Hospital usually can effectively manage trigeminal neuralgia with medications, injections or surgery.