It’s a general term for medical condition which keeps the thyroid gland from making right amount of hormones (T3 & T4). These hormones are essential for normal body functioning. Thyroid disease can be classified into 2 main sub-types i.e. HYPERTHROIDISM & HYPOTHYROIDISM. HYPERTHYROIDISM is excessive production of thyroid hormones caused by conditions like thyroiditis, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, postpartum thyroiditis, Iodine deficiency & non-functioning thyroid gland. Symptoms experienced include anxiety, irritability, sleep troubles, weight loss, goiter, muscle weakness/tremors, irregular menstruation, heat sensitivity & vision problems. HYPOTHYROIDISM includes diminished thyroid hormone production caused by conditions like Grave’s disease, thyroid nodules, thyroiditis & excessive iodine, where symptoms experienced are fatigue, weight gain, forgetfulness, heavy menstrual periods, dry/coarse hair, hoarse voice, cold temperature sensitivity. Thyroid disease is not age & gender specific however women are more likely to be affected than men. Risk factors for developing this condition include family history of the disease, pre-existing medical conditions like type 1 diabetes/rheumatoid arthritis etc., certain medications, women >60yrs, previous history of treatment of thyroid condition/thyroid cancer. Diagnosis is confirmed via blood tests(thyroid panel) ; ultrasound & physical examination by physician followed by treatment with medications & surgery if needed.

It’s a lung disease causing narrowing of airways, their swelling and blockage by mucus which affects all age groups. Risk factors which leads to increasing incidence of asthma include allergies, presence of environmental toxins like allergens; toxins; fumes; second/third hand smoke in the environment; family history of asthma/allergic diseases & certain respiratory infections. Factors responsible for triggering asthmatic attack include air pollution, dust mites, exercise, mold, pests, pets, tobacco smoke, strong chemicals/smells, certain occupational exposures. Asthma presents with signs/symptoms of chest tightness, pain or pressure in chest; coughing(especially at night), shortness of breath, wheezing. Diagnosis is confirmed by clinical history & physical examination, spirometery, chest X-ray, blood test/skin test with treatment modalities including bronchodilators ( inhalers ), medicines & biologic therapies if indicated.

Longstanding disease of kidneys leading to renal failure. The kidneys are responsible for filtering waste & excess fluids from body and in case of failure, waste starts building up leading to complications. Individuals who are at risk of CKD include those with diabetes, high BP, heart disease, family history of kidney disease, age >60 yrs, long history of painkiller use. Hypertension & diabetes are the two most common cause of CKD alongwith several other kidney conditions. The symptoms experienced include the urge to urinate more often; tiredness; weakness; low energy levels; loss of appetite; swelling of hands/feet/ankles; shortness of breath; blood in urine/foamy urine; puffy eyes etc. CKD can lead to complications like high BP, heart disease, stroke, immunodeficiency. Diagnosis is confirmed by blood tests, ultrasound, CT/MRI followed by treatment with supportive medications, dialysis & lifestyle modification.

Also known as renal failure signifies loss of function in one or both kidneys. Sudden loss of kidney function within hours/days is called acute kidney failure caused by autoimmune kidney diseases, certain medications, severe dehydration, urinary tract obstruction, uncontrolled disease like heart/disease disease whereas, in chronic kidney failure is caused by systemic diseases like diabetes, hypertension, lupus, polycystic kidney disease left untreated for over a while. Symptoms experienced include fatigue, upset stomach/vomiting, concentration issues, swelling especially around ankle/feet, frequent bathroom trips, muscle spasms, dry/itchy skin, poor appetite/metallic taste of food. Diagnosis is confirmed by blood tests, advanced imaging tests, urine tests. Our physicians and their teams carefully articulate the treatment plan with necessary medications, routine blood tests, blood pressure checks along with dialysis services when needed.